Models of static and dynamic technical efficiency of municipal libraries in the Czech Republic

This article deals with the modelling of the static and dynamic technical efficiency under conditions of municipal libraries of municipalities with 1000–5000 inhabitants. The aim of this article is to determine the level of the technical efficiency and the factors that influence the results of modelling of the static and dynamic technical efficiency of 34 selected municipal libraries for the years of 2011 and 2015. The first model tests the technical efficiency of conventional services of public libraries. The second model tests the technical efficiency of municipal libraries’ operation. The third model tests the technical efficiency of the key revenues and expenditures. The results in the static models estimate the average technical efficiency of municipal libraries in the interval (0.691–0.759) for the input-oriented models, and in the interval (1.413–2.005) for the output-oriented models. In the dynamic models, the majority of municipal libraries in 2015 showed lower technical efficiency and productivity in comparison with the year of 2011. The factors influencing the level of efficiency and its course include the inputs and the outputs, and their combinations within individual models.     

Are firms ready to use big data analytics to create value? The role of structural and psychological readiness

In this study, we leverage Information Technology (IT) readiness literature and resource-based view (RBV) to investigate the impact of firm structural and psychological readiness on firm value creation, as mediated by big data analytics usage. The proposed research model is empirically validated using survey data from 179 senior IT managers. The findings demonstrate the importance of both structural (i.e. IT infrastructure capability, tools functionality, employee analytical capability, and bigness of data) and psychological readiness (i.e. IT proactive climate) in enhancing firm value creation through big data analytics usage. These results provide interesting theoretical and practical insights.     

Airports’ managerial human capital,ownership, and efficiency

Airport performance differences require a better understanding of the sources of efficiency and competitive advantages. Globalization drives the air transport industry into a more market-orientated business questioning the relationship between managerial decisions and airport performance. Aviation management studies do not consider managerial capabilities and skills since they are intangible exogenous factors that are difficult to assess. In this study, a stochastic frontier analysis is performed accounting for top managers' theoretical knowledge and experience enclosed as exogenous drivers of airports' efficiency. The model analyses 12 Polish airports from 2009 to 2017. The results show a diversity of airports with a different number of passengers as efficient. The top managers' experience, when gained in the same airport, has a positive impact on airports' technical efficiency. Airports having unstable management are more technically inefficient. Independently of the efficiency level, some airports change their management after the national elections, suggesting that managers are chosen by political interest rather than by their specialised knowledge or their prior experience in aviation management. The results suggest that more practical knowledge improve airports’ performance. Airports with a majority of government ownership that are the largest ones increase their efficiency significantly, suggesting that political decisions may be discriminatory in detriment of airports managed by regional and city authorities.     

泸县农村宅基地有偿使用制度改革效果评价

[目的]宅基地有偿使用制度研究有利于推进宅基地制度改革,缓解无偿无限期带来的土地超占乱占和闲置问题。[方法]文章运用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法对2016年和2018年泸县农村宅基地有偿使用制度改革政策效果进行评价。[结果]政策的开展能有效推进村民自治建设进程,但政策的实施要注重公开透明性;有偿使用政策能有效缓解一户多宅、低效闲置、超占乱占等土地浪费现象实现土地的节约集约利用;政策的实施能有效地改善基础设施和农村面貌,但对泸县生产方式转变、新业态发展、农户生活水平提升影响力较小;总体来看农户对有偿使用政策满意度和支持度较高。[结论]针对当前有偿使用制度改革,该文认为宅基地有偿使用制度改革还应该完善有偿使用费收取管理政策,增强政策执行透明度;注重基层队伍建设,实现有偿使用费保值增值;合理选择安置模式,发展农村新业态;加强宅基地有偿使用与有偿退出的高效联动,推进宅基地制度改革进程。     

区域森林公园生态效率实证分析——以华东地区为例

采用Malmquist-Luenberger指数法对华东地区森林公园生态效率值进行测定的结果表明:从时序范围看,2011—2016年华东地区森林公园生态效率的均值为1. 006,但从2015年起进入下滑态势,说明华东地区森林公园的生态效率已经达到有效水平,但在扩大森林公园规模的同时忽视了对环境的有效保护以及资源的合理配置;从空间差异角度看,只有浙江与安徽两省的森林公园生态效率值未达到有效水平(分别为0. 851和0. 871),其余各省(市)的森林公园生态效率值均大于1,说明区域内存在一定的差异性;技术进步指数下降是制约MalmquistLuenberger指数提升的主要原因。由此可见,加大技术投入,促成交流合作机制,形成特有的竞争优势等,对提高区域森林公园生态效率是十分重要的。     

技术效率暴露出的我国工业企业困境——基于研发企业的实证分析

研究筛选了2005-2007年连续三年都有研发投入的规模以上工业企业,主要采用超效率DEA模型,比较了两位数行业10项投入指标和11项产出指标对总体技术效率的贡献,发现限制行业投入产出效率的主要因素是"应收账款"和"广告费"。由于企业间欠账的普遍性和长期累积造成的高额度,严重制约了行业技术效率的提升,造成反映企业生产销售状况的主要产出指标普遍冗余,陷入即使增加投入也无助于提高产出效率的怪圈,其在行业中的普遍性和严重性已经很大程度影响了企业的创新效率,进而影响生产与销售行为,应引起政府管理部门的及早重视,并加以疏通和解决。     

Financing energy efficiency retrofits in Chilean households: The role of financial instruments,savings and uncertainty in energy transition

High firewood consumption for heating produces high levels of pollution in cities in central and southern Chile, with serious consequences for health and quality of life. Energy efficiency measures (EEMs) have been identified as the best strategy to reduce air pollution and maximize social benefits. However, their adoption has been slow. The objective of this article is to investigate household preferences for financial incentives needed to promote private investments in EEMs in Central-Southern Chilean households and study the role of energy savings and the uncertainty about potential savings in the investment decision, with the aim of finding solutions to increase the adoption of these technologies. We use a choice experiment to explore the trade-off between the investment costs, financial instruments, energy savings, and the uncertainty about achieving the theoretical savings provided by engineering and architectural models. The results show that financial instruments play the most important role in this decision, followed by the savings achieved by the retrofit. Householders prefer to finance their investments with a mix of their personal resources and medium-term credits, trying to avoid long-term commitments. Although uncertainty was found to be a significant variable, it seems to play a small role in the investment decision.     

东部地区十省市规模以上工业企业研发投入绩效评价

选取2021年度数据，采用数据包络分析（DEA）方法对中国东部地区10个省份规模以上工业企业的研发投入绩效进行评价，并采用灰关联分析方法分析确定各项研发投入产出指标相对于DEA效率的灰色关联度。研究结果表明，80%的省份规上工业企业研发投入产出处于非DEA有效状态，存在不同程度的投入冗余或产出不足；规上工业企业发明专利申请数与研发投入产出效率的关联度最高，其次是新产品销售收入和R&D经费内部支出。     

试论土壤调查、土地类型与耕地评价兼论倪绍祥先生的土地评价思想

目的 以倪绍祥先生土地评价思想概括和我国土壤普查、土地类型述评为依据，探讨我国耕地评价工作完善路径和方向。方法 文章采用文献研究和对比分析方法。结果 （1）倪先生经过多年研究实践，形成以土壤调查为前提的，土地类型单元为基础，开展土地评价的系统思想。（2）我国土壤调查、土地类型工作中断，致使农用地分等定级、土地质量地球化学等工作缺乏扎实的数据基础，使得现有的耕地评价成果难以满足新时代耕地资源“三位一体”保护要求，也妨害国家对自然资源的科学管理。（3）国家生态文明建设、国土资源科技创新和自然资源管理机构职责整合等宏观背景，客观上要求将土地评价与土壤类型、土地类型相联系，夯实耕地评价的科学基础，创新耕地质量评价体系。（4）科学组织第三次土壤普查，服务于耕地评价实践，将土壤资源融入自然资源统一管理成为必然趋向。结论 倪绍祥先生有关土地评价思想，对于完善我国土地评价理论和方法体系，创新性开展第三次土地利用现状调查中的耕地质量调查专题，适应自然资源统一管理新形势具有重要借鉴价值。亟需科学组织新的土壤普查和土地类型调查研究，更新完善原有的土壤资源图和报告，深化中小尺度的土地类型调查研究，不仅深化人们对土地资源的客观认识，也为新的耕地质量评价提供客观、科学、高精度的数据基础提供可能。     

基于底线预警的国土空间生态修复规划实施监督体系研究

国土空间生态修复是推进生态文明建设的重大举措，构建基于底线预警的国土空间生态修复规划实施监督体系是完善国土空间规划“一张图”信息系统的重要组成部分和政策支撑。通过对生态修复规划实施监督体系建设的研究，把握底线控制与监测预警机制，对接国土空间生态修复业务管理各项需求，搭建“五梯度四体系”的生态修复规划动态监测实施监督信息系统，构建以“七个一”为主要内容的生态修复规划底线预警监测评估机制，并与各层级国土空间规划“一张图”实施监督信息系统进行衔接，实现对生态修复规划实施的动态监测和预警。